World water day: UNICEF says world’s poorest have least access to safe water

A boy drinks unsafe water from a pond in a Somali region of Ethiopia, where drought has fueled conflict

March 23, 2014 (Solomon Star) — ALMOST four years after the world met the global target set in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for safe drinking water, and after the UN General Assembly declared that water was a human right, over three-quarters of a billion people, most of them poor, still do not have this basic necessity, UNICEF said to mark World Water Day today

Estimates from UNICEF and WHO published in 2013 are that a staggering 768 million people do not have access to safe drinking water, causing hundreds of thousands of children to sicken and die each year.

Most of the people without access are poor and live in remote rural areas or urban slums.

UNICEF estimates that 1,400 children under five die every day from diarrhoeal diseases linked to lack of safe water and adequate sanitation and hygiene.

“Every child, rich or poor, has the right to survive, the right to health, the right to a future,” said Sanjay Wijesekera, head of UNICEF’s global water, sanitation and hygiene programmes.

Girl collecting unsafe drinking water in Ethiopia. Every 20 seconds, a child dies from a water-related disease and nearly one billion people lack access to safe water.

“The world should not rest until every single man, woman and child has the water and sanitation that is theirs as a human right.”

The MDG target for drinking water was met and passed in 2010, when 89 per cent of the global population had access to improved sources of drinking water — such as piped supplies, boreholes fitted with pumps, and protected wells.

Also in 2010, the UN General Assembly recognized safe drinking water and sanitation as a human right, meaning every person should have access to safe water and basic sanitation.

However, this basic right continues to be denied to the poorest people across the world.

“What continues to be striking, and maybe even shocking, is that even in middle income countries there are millions of poor people who do not have safe water to drink,” Wijesekera added.

“We must target the marginalized and often forgotten groups: those who are the most difficult to reach, the poorest and the most disadvantaged.”

According to UNICEF and WHO estimates, 10 countries are home to almost two-thirds of the global population without access to improved drinking water sources.

They are: China (108 million); India (99 million); Nigeria (63 million); Ethiopia (43 million); Indonesia (39 million); Democratic Republic of the Congo (37 million); Bangladesh (26 million); United Republic of Tanzania (22 million); Kenya (16 million) and Pakistan (16 million).

UNICEF says women and girls are disproportionately affected by lack of access to safe water.

An estimated 71 per cent of the burden of drinking water collection is being shouldered by women and girls.

UNICEF WASH programming is taking place in over 100 countries,  and new initiatives such as cost-effective drilling and community-based water safety planning are bringing safe water to families living in some of the most isolated regions.

UNICEF has, for example, used hand-dug boreholes in Pakistan to supply safe water to around 100,000 people since 2012.

UNICEF-supported ‘WASH in Schools’ programming has brought safe water, sanitation and hygiene facilities to millions of school children around the world.

Source: Solomon Star

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The human right to water and sanitation

On 28 July 2010, through Resolution 64/292, the United Nations General Assembly explicitly recognized the human right to water and sanitation and acknowledged that clean drinking water and sanitation are essential to the realisation of all human rights. The Resolution calls upon States and international organisations to provide financial resources, help capacity-building and technology transfer to help countries, in particular developing countries, to provide safe, clean, accessible and affordable drinking water and sanitation for all.

In November 2002, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights adopted General Comment No. 15 on the right to water. Article I.1 states that “The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights”. Comment No. 15 also defined the right to water as the right of everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable and physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic uses.

Sources:

• Resolution A/RES/64/292. United Nations General Assembly, July 2010
• General Comment No. 15. The right to water. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, November 2002        source  (  http://ayyaantuu.com/world/world-water-day-unicef-says-worlds-poorest-have-least-access-to-safe-water/   )